AP - Computer Science Principles:: Algorithms and Programming

What is a VARIABLE, in the AP CSP pseudocode used for the exam?

- **A)** A value that can never be changed once a program starts running
- **B)** A synonym for an algorithm
- **C)** A named location used to store a value that a program can reference and change while it runs
- **D)** A type of loop structure

In AP CSP pseudocode, what does the ASSIGNMENT operator '\(\leftarrow\)' (or '=') do, as in \(x \leftarrow 5\)?

- **A)** It checks whether \(x\) is EQUAL to 5, without changing \(x\)'s value
- **B)** It swaps the values of two different variables
- **C)** It stores the value on the right side (5) into the variable on the left side (\(x\))
- **D)** It permanently deletes the variable \(x\)

Given \(x \leftarrow 5\) followed by \(x \leftarrow x + 3\), what is the value of \(x\) afterward?

- **A)** \(8\)
- **B)** \(15\)
- **C)** \(5\)
- **D)** \(3\)

What is the general form of an IF-ELSE conditional statement in AP CSP pseudocode, and what does it do?

- **A)** IF-ELSE can only be used with numeric conditions, never with boolean conditions
- **B)** It executes BOTH block A and block B every single time, regardless of the condition
- **C)** IF-ELSE statements always repeat a block of code multiple times
- **D)** \(IF\ (condition)\ \{block\ A\}\ ELSE\ \{block\ B\}\) -- executes block A if the condition is true, or block B if the condition is false

What is the purpose of a REPEAT n TIMES loop in AP CSP pseudocode?

- **A)** It executes the loop body a FIXED, KNOWN number of times (\(n\) times total)
- **B)** REPEAT n TIMES is a conditional statement, not a loop
- **C)** It executes the loop body an UNKNOWN, potentially infinite number of times with no fixed count
- **D)** It executes the loop body exactly ONCE, regardless of \(n\)

What is the purpose of a REPEAT UNTIL (condition) loop in AP CSP pseudocode?

- **A)** It stops executing the very first time the condition is checked, regardless of the condition's value
- **B)** REPEAT UNTIL loops can never actually repeat more than once
- **C)** It executes the loop body a fixed, predetermined number of times, identical to REPEAT n TIMES
- **D)** It repeatedly executes the loop body UNTIL the given condition becomes TRUE, meaning the exact number of repetitions isn't necessarily known in advance

Given the pseudocode \(i \leftarrow 1\)\ \(REPEAT\ 4\ TIMES\ \{\ DISPLAY(i)\ \ i \leftarrow i + 2\ \}\), what values are displayed, in order?

- **A)** \(1, 3, 5, 7\)
- **B)** \(1, 2, 3, 4\)
- **C)** \(1, 3, 5, 7, 9\)
- **D)** \(2, 4, 6, 8\)

What is a PROCEDURE (sometimes called a function) in AP CSP pseudocode?

- **A)** Procedures can never accept any input values
- **B)** A procedure can only ever be used exactly one single time in an entire program
- **C)** A named group of programming instructions that can be CALLED (invoked) to perform a specific task, potentially multiple times from different places in a program, without rewriting the same instructions repeatedly
- **D)** A synonym for a variable