AP Human Geography:: Unit 5 - Agriculture Rural Land

Which agricultural geography concept, farming system, or rural land-use model is described below?

*The origin of farming beginning ~10,000 years ago in the Fertile Crescent (Southwest Asia) and other hearths, transitioning humanity from nomadic hunting-and-gathering to sedentary crop cultivation and animal domestication.*

**A)** First (Neolithic) Agricultural Revolution
**B)** Second Agricultural Revolution
**C)** Third (Green) Revolution
**D)** Industrial Revolution

Which agricultural geography concept, farming system, or rural land-use model is described below?

*Independent agricultural hearths: Southwest Asia/Fertile Crescent (wheat, barley, sheep, goats); East/Southeast Asia (rice, pigs); Mesoamerica (corn/maize, beans, squash); Andean South America (potato, llama); Sub-Saharan Africa (sorghum, yams).*

**A)** Major Global Agricultural Hearths
**B)** Industrial Hearths
**C)** Urban Hearths
**D)** Linguistic Hearths

Which agricultural geography concept, farming system, or rural land-use model is described below?

*The global diffusion of plants, animals, culture, human populations, and communicable diseases between the Eastern and Western Hemispheres following Columbus's 1492 voyage (e.g., corn/potatoes to Europe; wheat, horses, cattle, and smallpox to the Americas).*

**A)** The Columbian Exchange
**B)** The Silk Road Exchange
**C)** Triangular Slave Trade
**D)** Green Revolution Diffusion

Which agricultural geography concept, farming system, or rural land-use model is described below?

*Coincided with the Industrial Revolution in Great Britain; introduced mechanization (seed drill, steel plow), selective breeding, crop rotation (four-field system), and Enclosure Acts, vastly increasing food production and freeing rural labor for urban factory work.*

**A)** Second Agricultural Revolution
**B)** First Agricultural Revolution
**C)** Third (Green) Revolution
**D)** Gene Revolution

Which agricultural geography concept, farming system, or rural land-use model is described below?

*Rapid diffusion of new agricultural technology, specifically High-Yield Variety (HYV) dwarf wheat and rice seeds (pioneered by Norman Borlaug), chemical synthetic fertilizers, chemical pesticides, and mechanized irrigation, preventing famine across Mexico, India, and the Philippines.*

**A)** Green Revolution (Third Agricultural Revolution)
**B)** Second Agricultural Revolution
**C)** Gene Revolution (GMOs)
**D)** Blue Revolution (Aquaculture)

Which agricultural geography concept, farming system, or rural land-use model is described below?

*Massive surge in global grain crop yields, increased agricultural productivity on existing farmland, averted catastrophic famines in South/East Asia, and lowered global food prices.*

**A)** Increased Crop Yields & Famine Prevention
**B)** Soil Salinization
**C)** Monoculture Dependence
**D)** Groundwater Depletion

Which agricultural geography concept, farming system, or rural land-use model is described below?

*High costs of chemical fertilizers/seeds marginalized small subsistence farmers, severe environmental degradation (soil toxicity, groundwater depletion, pesticide runoff), loss of traditional seed biodiversity, and gender inequalities in land ownership.*

**A)** Environmental & Socioeconomic Criticisms of the Green Revolution
**B)** Decreased Yields
**C)** High Labor Intensity
**D)** Famine Acceleration

Which agricultural geography concept, farming system, or rural land-use model is described below?

*Subsistence agriculture is farming designed primarily to provide food for direct consumption by the farmer and family (high % of labor force, small family farms, manual labor); Commercial agriculture is farming for sale off the farm to agribusiness corporations (low % of labor force, massive acreage, heavy machinery).*

**A)** Subsistence vs. Commercial Agriculture
**B)** Intensive vs. Extensive Agriculture
**C)** Organic vs. Conventional Agriculture
**D)** Sedentary vs. Nomadic Agriculture