AP Psychology:: Unit 5 - Cognitive Psychology

Which cognitive psychology concept or memory principle is described below?

*Classic three-stage model proposing that memory transitions through sensory memory, short-term memory (STM), and long-term memory (LTM).*

**A)** Atkinson-Shiffrin Model
**B)** Levels of Processing Model
**C)** Working Memory Model
**D)** Spreading Activation Model

Which cognitive psychology concept or memory principle is described below?

*Iconic memory is momentary visual sensory memory (lasting < 0.5s, demonstrated by Sperling), while Echoic memory is momentary auditory sensory memory (lasting 3–4 seconds).*

**A)** Iconic (Visual) vs. Echoic (Auditory)
**B)** Implicit vs. Explicit
**C)** Episodic vs. Semantic
**D)** Proactive vs. Retroactive

Which cognitive psychology concept or memory principle is described below?

*The capacity of conscious short-term memory, traditionally identified as 7 ± 2 items (or ~4 chunks in modern working memory research).*

**A)** 7 ± 2 items (Miller's Magical Number)
**B)** 15 ± 3 items
**C)** 3 ± 1 items
**D)** Unlimited capacity

Which cognitive psychology concept or memory principle is described below?

*Organizing individual pieces of information into familiar, manageable units (e.g., memorizing phone numbers as 3 groups rather than 10 separate digits) to expand working memory capacity.*

**A)** Chunking
**B)** Maintenance rehearsal
**C)** Elaborative rehearsal
**D)** Mnemonics

Which cognitive psychology concept or memory principle is described below?

*Elaborative rehearsal involves deeply connecting new information to existing knowledge and semantic meaning, producing vastly superior long-term retention compared to simple repetitive maintenance rehearsal.*

**A)** Elaborative Rehearsal
**B)** Maintenance Rehearsal
**C)** Shallow Processing
**D)** Sensory Registering

Which cognitive psychology concept or memory principle is described below?

*Theory proposing that deeper, semantic processing (thinking about meaning) leads to stronger, more durable memory traces than shallow structural or phonemic processing.*

**A)** Levels of Processing Theory
**B)** Dual-Coding Theory
**C)** Information Processing Model
**D)** Interference Theory

Which cognitive psychology concept or memory principle is described below?

*Memory of facts and experiences that one can consciously know and 'declare,' processed primarily by the hippocampus and frontal lobes.*

**A)** Explicit (Declarative) Memory
**B)** Implicit (Nondeclarative) Memory
**C)** Procedural Memory
**D)** Sensory Memory

Which cognitive psychology concept or memory principle is described below?

*Episodic memory stores personally experienced autobiographical events (e.g., your 16th birthday party), while Semantic memory stores general knowledge and facts (e.g., Paris is the capital of France).*

**A)** Episodic (Personal events) vs. Semantic (Facts)
**B)** Iconic vs. Echoic
**C)** Procedural vs. Priming
**D)** Proactive vs. Retroactive