AP Psychology:: Unit 6 - Developmental Psychology

Which developmental psychology concept or theoretical milestone is described below?

*Harmful chemical, viral, or environmental agents that can penetrate the placental barrier during prenatal development and cause birth defects (e.g., alcohol leading to Fetal Alcohol Syndrome).*

**A)** Teratogens
**B)** Carcinogens
**C)** Endocrine disruptors
**D)** Mutagens

Which developmental psychology concept or theoretical milestone is described below?

*Rooting reflex is turning the head and opening the mouth when the cheek is touched; Moro reflex is the infant startle response of splaying arms and crying in response to sudden loss of support.*

**A)** Rooting & Moro Reflexes
**B)** Babinski & Grasping
**C)** Tonic Neck & Stepping
**D)** Sucking & Swallowing

Which developmental psychology concept or theoretical milestone is described below?

*Assimilation is interpreting new experiences in terms of existing cognitive schemas, while Accommodation is adapting/modifying current schemas to incorporate new conflicting information.*

**A)** Assimilation vs. Accommodation
**B)** Conservation vs. Egocentrism
**C)** Object Permanence vs. Reversibility
**D)** Scaffolding vs. Zone of Proximal Development

Which developmental psychology concept or theoretical milestone is described below?

*From birth to age 2, infants experience the world through senses and actions; key milestone is Object Permanence (awareness that objects continue to exist when hidden, emerging around 8 months).*

**A)** Sensorimotor Stage (Object Permanence)
**B)** Preoperational Stage (Conservation)
**C)** Concrete Operational Stage (Reversibility)
**D)** Formal Operational Stage (Abstract Logic)

Which developmental psychology concept or theoretical milestone is described below?

*From ages 2 to 7, children use intuitive symbolic thinking and language but lack Conservation and exhibit Egocentrism (inability to perceive a situation from another's perspective, as in the 3-Mountain Task) and Animism.*

**A)** Preoperational Stage (Egocentrism)
**B)** Sensorimotor Stage
**C)** Concrete Operational Stage
**D)** Formal Operational Stage

Which developmental psychology concept or theoretical milestone is described below?

*From ages 7 to 11, children gain mental operations enabling them to think logically about concrete events, understand Conservation (mass, volume, number remain constant despite shape changes), and reversibility.*

**A)** Concrete Operational Stage (Conservation)
**B)** Preoperational Stage
**C)** Formal Operational Stage
**D)** Sensorimotor Stage

Which developmental psychology concept or theoretical milestone is described below?

*Beginning around age 12, individuals transition to abstract reasoning, systematic deductive logic, and hypothetical-deductive problem solving.*

**A)** Formal Operational Stage (Abstract logic)
**B)** Concrete Operational Stage
**C)** Preoperational Stage
**D)** Postformal Stage

Which developmental psychology concept or theoretical milestone is described below?

*Vygotsky emphasized that cognitive development is driven by social interaction; the Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD) is the gap between what a learner can do independently and with guidance (Scaffolding).*

**A)** Vygotsky's Sociocultural Theory (ZPD & Scaffolding)
**B)** Piaget's Stage Theory
**C)** Kohlberg's Moral Theory
**D)** Erikson's Psychosocial Theory